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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Related Experiment Video

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
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A New Classification for the Varus Knee.

Emmanuel Thienpont1, Javad Parvizi2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Saint Luc-UCL, Brussels, Belgium.

The Journal of Arthroplasty
|May 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new classification system for knee osteoarthritis with varus deformity has been developed. This system aids surgeons in preoperative planning for knee arthroplasty, improving implant selection and constraint choices.

Keywords:
alignmentclassificationknee arthroplastyosteoarthritisvarus

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee frequently presents with varus deformity.
  • Accurate classification of varus deformity is crucial for effective surgical planning.
  • Existing classification systems may not fully capture the complexity of varus deformity in knee OA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel classification system for knee osteoarthritis associated with varus deformity.
  • To enhance preoperative planning for knee arthroplasty by providing a more precise definition of varus deformity.
  • To establish a foundation for future research on varus knee deformities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of coronal alignment using full-leg standing radiographs in 526 patients undergoing knee arthroplasty for varus deformity.
  • Measurement of various mechanical and anatomic angles, combined with clinical examination.
  • Assessment of intraobserver reliability and utilization of cross-sectional imaging (CT/MRI) for detailed wear pattern analysis.

Main Results:

  • Varus deformities are categorized as either intra-articular (correctable or fixed) or extra-articular (metaphyseal or diaphyseal).
  • The classification considers factors like ligament status in fixed deformities and the degree/location of extra-articular deformity.
  • Radiographic measurements demonstrated good intraobserver reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed classification offers a refined definition of varus deformity in knee OA.
  • This system can significantly aid surgeons in preoperative planning, particularly in selecting appropriate implants and constraint levels.
  • The classification serves as a valuable tool for future prospective studies on varus knee deformities.