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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

2.0K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
913
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

2.2K
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research
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Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research

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Fibromyalgia and seizures.

William O Tatum1, Michael E Langston2, Emily K Acton3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.

Epileptic Disorders : International Epilepsy Journal with Videotape
|May 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Fibromyalgia is linked to paroxysmal neurological disorders, particularly psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). While fibromyalgia predicts PNES in undifferentiated spells, its diagnostic utility is less specific in general neurology patients.

Keywords:
fibromyalgianeurologynon-epilepticpsychogenicseizurespells

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder with complex neurological associations.
  • Paroxysmal neurological events require accurate diagnosis, with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) being a common differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the comorbidity of fibromyalgia with various paroxysmal neurological disorders.
  • To evaluate fibromyalgia's predictive value for diagnosing psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.

Main Methods:

  • A case-matched study reviewed 1,730 patient encounters over three years.
  • Identified patients with fibromyalgia and analyzed the frequency of comorbid epileptic seizures, PNES, and physiological non-epileptic events.
  • Utilized Wilcoxon and Chi-square tests for statistical analysis with age and gender-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • Fibromyalgia was identified in 5.5% of patients, predominantly females (95%).
  • Among fibromyalgia patients with paroxysmal events, 74% had PNES, compared to 51% in controls (p=0.009).
  • Fibromyalgia predicted PNES in undifferentiated paroxysmal spells but showed lower specificity and sensitivity in a general neurology population.

Conclusions:

  • Fibromyalgia is frequently associated with paroxysmal neurological disorders, especially PNES.
  • Fibromyalgia serves as a predictor for PNES in specific patient groups, though its general diagnostic utility requires careful consideration.