Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

4.1K
The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
4.1K
The ABO Blood Group01:12

The ABO Blood Group

5.9K
The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
Antigens in the ABO Blood Group System
Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. In the ABO blood group system,...
5.9K
Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

3.6K
Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target...
3.6K
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

15.5K
Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
15.5K
Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

9.7K
Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
9.7K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

38.6K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
38.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tracking <i>kdr</i> alleles associated with pyrethroid resistance in <i>Aedes albopictus</i> across Italy: a nationwide genotypic dataset by MosqIRIT network.

GigaByte (Hong Kong, China)·2026
Same author

Unique Imaging Findings of a Calvarial Ossifying Fibroma Successfully Managed With Surgery and Definitive Intent Radiotherapy.

Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association·2026
Same author

Linkage between Quaternary Structure and Subunit Sequencing of Zebra Finch Hemoglobin via Hyphenation of Size Exclusion Chromatography with Native Top-Down Mass Spectrometry.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2026
Same author

Survival analysis of different treatment modalities and associated outcomes for canine primary pulmonary carcinoma.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Bioengineered baculovirus-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with of γ-carboxylated Gla-rich protein: Dual modulation of inflammation and vascular calcification.

Biomaterials advances·2026
Same author

β-Actin as an Endogenous Control Gene in Real-Time PCR for Detection of West Nile and Usutu Virus in Mosquitoes.

Microorganisms·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
07:24

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy

2.0K

Developing a reference system for the IFCC standardization of HbA2.

Renata Paleari1, Donatella Caruso2, Patricia Kaiser3

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Centro per la Riferibilità Metrologica in Medicina di Laboratorio (CIRME), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|May 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Standardizing hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) testing is crucial for accurate beta-thalassemia diagnosis. Ongoing IFCC efforts aim to improve result equivalence across labs, enhancing clinical application.

Keywords:
Analytical goalsBeta-thalassemiaQuality controlReference materialsReference measurement procedureStandardization

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
04:11

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection

Published on: December 15, 2023

5.1K
Isolation and Characterization Of Chimeric Human Fc-expressing Proteins Using Protein A Membrane Adsorbers And A Streamlined Workflow
10:33

Isolation and Characterization Of Chimeric Human Fc-expressing Proteins Using Protein A Membrane Adsorbers And A Streamlined Workflow

Published on: January 8, 2014

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
07:24

A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
04:11

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection

Published on: December 15, 2023

5.1K
Isolation and Characterization Of Chimeric Human Fc-expressing Proteins Using Protein A Membrane Adsorbers And A Streamlined Workflow
10:33

Isolation and Characterization Of Chimeric Human Fc-expressing Proteins Using Protein A Membrane Adsorbers And A Streamlined Workflow

Published on: January 8, 2014

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Hematology
  • Biomedical Standardization

Background:

  • Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) is a key indicator for beta-thalassemia diagnosis.
  • Clinical use of HbA2 cutoffs is limited by inter-method and inter-laboratory variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical, current, and future aspects of HbA2 standardization.
  • To describe the present status of HbA2 testing and its clinical implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine) standardization program for HbA2 initiated in 2004.
  • Development of a higher-order reference measurement procedure for HbA2.
  • Preparation of a certified reference material in collaboration with the IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements).

Main Results:

  • Standardization efforts for HbA2 are ongoing.
  • A complete reference system for HbA2 measurement is being developed.
  • Improved standardization is expected to enhance the clinical utility of HbA2 testing.

Conclusions:

  • Standardization of HbA2 testing is essential for reliable beta-thalassemia screening.
  • The IFCC program is progressing towards establishing robust reference materials and methods.
  • Future advancements will improve the accuracy and comparability of HbA2 results globally.