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Context-sensitive trace inlining for Java.

Christian Häubl1, Christian Wimmer2, Hanspeter Mössenböck1

  • 1Institute for System Software, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Automated Software Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.

Computer Languages, Systems & Structures
|May 31, 2016
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Summary

Trace inlining in just-in-time (JIT) compilers improves performance by selectively optimizing frequently executed code paths. This approach offers significant speedups and better code optimization compared to traditional method inlining.

Keywords:
CompilationInliningJavaJust-in-timeTrace-based

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Programming Languages
  • Compiler Design

Background:

  • Method inlining is a key optimization in just-in-time (JIT) compilers, enhancing performance by expanding compilation scope.
  • Overuse of method inlining can lead to increased compilation times and excessive machine code generation, negatively impacting performance.
  • Trace-based JIT compilers compile only frequently executed paths (traces) for potentially faster compilation and better optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance impact and machine code generation of trace inlining compared to method inlining.
  • To assess the advantages of trace inlining, including selectivity, handling of virtual calls, and context sensitivity.
  • To investigate the effect of trace-based compilation scope on other compiler optimizations.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a trace recording infrastructure and a trace-based compiler by modifying the Java HotSpot Virtual Machine (VM).
  • Evaluated trace inlining heuristics on benchmark suites: DaCapo 9.12 Bach, SPECjbb2005, and SPECjvm2008.
  • Compared the performance and machine code output of the trace-based compiler against the method-based Java HotSpot client compiler.

Main Results:

  • Trace inlining demonstrated significant performance improvements, achieving up to 51% higher peak performance than the method-based compiler.
  • Trace inlining is more selective, handles virtual calls effectively, and offers context-sensitive optimization.
  • The broader compilation scope of the trace-based compiler positively influenced other optimizations like constant folding and null check elimination.

Conclusions:

  • Trace inlining presents a more effective optimization strategy than method inlining for JIT compilers.
  • The trace-based approach allows for more aggressive inlining while maintaining reasonable machine code size.
  • Trace-based JIT compilation enhances overall performance and compiler optimization capabilities.