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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Substance use during pregnancy.

Ariadna Forray1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

F1000Research
|May 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal substance use, including tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis, poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health. Effective treatments are limited, with contingency management showing the most promise for improving outcomes.

Keywords:
drug abusepregancyprenatal substance use

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Prenatal substance use is a major public health issue with severe maternal and fetal health consequences.
  • Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis are the most commonly used substances during pregnancy, often in combination (polysubstance use).
  • Co-occurring factors like psychiatric conditions and environmental stressors exacerbate negative outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, and opioids.
  • To examine the impact of these substances on maternal and fetal health.
  • To summarize current therapeutic interventions for prenatal substance use.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on maternal and fetal outcomes related to substance use.
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of various treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Substance use during pregnancy leads to numerous adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • Behavioral and psychosocial interventions are the primary treatment approaches.
  • Contingency management demonstrates the highest efficacy among current interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing prenatal substance use requires comprehensive strategies due to its complex nature and significant health impacts.
  • Further research into effective and accessible treatments is crucial.
  • Contingency management offers a promising avenue for intervention.