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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

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X-ray Photon Counting and Two-Color X-ray Imaging Using Indirect Detection.

Bart Dierickx1, Qiang Yao2, Nick Witvrouwen3

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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
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We developed a novel 1 cm² X-ray image sensor with 90x92 pixels. This advanced sensor demonstrates two-energy-level photon counting for medical imaging applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Semiconductor Devices
  • Photon Counting

Background:

  • Traditional X-ray imaging often lacks detailed spectral information.
  • Developing high-resolution sensors for medical X-ray applications is crucial.
  • Photon counting detectors offer improved image quality and dose reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a novel 1 cm², 90x92-pixel X-ray image sensor.
  • To assess the sensor's performance in a medical X-ray environment.
  • To demonstrate and analyze the two-energy-level photon counting capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 1 cm², 90x92-pixel image sensor utilizing a scintillator for X-ray sensitivity.
  • Implementation of a dual-channel charge packet counting circuit topology per pixel.
  • Analog domain event counting with distinct charge packet size thresholds.
  • Performance evaluation in simulated medical X-ray settings.
  • Demonstration of two-energy-level photon counting.

Main Results:

  • The sensor achieved a 1 cm² active area with 90x92 pixel resolution.
  • The charge packet counting circuit successfully enabled event counting with two threshold levels.
  • Performance was validated in a medical X-ray environment.
  • Two-energy-level photon counting was successfully demonstrated, with capabilities and limitations documented.

Conclusions:

  • The developed X-ray image sensor shows promise for medical imaging applications.
  • The demonstrated photon counting capability offers potential for improved diagnostic accuracy and reduced radiation dose.
  • Future work will focus on further sensor optimization and performance enhancement.