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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
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Translational Approaches Targeting Reconsolidation.

Marijn C W Kroes1, Daniela Schiller2, Joseph E LeDoux1,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Centre for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|June 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Targeting memory reconsolidation offers a promising way to modify maladaptive memories contributing to psychiatric disorders. Research explores biological and behavioral methods to alter memories, aiming for more persistent treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Appetitive conditioningAversive conditioningBeta-blockersEmotionsMemoryNorepinephrineReactivation–extinctionReconsolidationTranslational approaches

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Maladaptive learned memories underpin psychiatric disorders, causing significant societal and economic burdens.
  • Current treatments focus on inhibiting responses, not eliminating memories, leading to symptom relapse.
  • Altering memories via reconsolidation presents a potential strategy for more robust therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review translational research on targeting memory reconsolidation for therapeutic benefit.
  • To explore biological and behavioral methods for modifying specific memories.
  • To discuss the mechanisms, limitations, and future directions for memory reconsolidation therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical (animal) and clinical studies.
  • Examination of biological treatments (electrical stimulation, noradrenergic antagonists).
  • Analysis of behavioral interference techniques (reactivation-extinction paradigm).

Main Results:

  • Both biological and behavioral methods have shown success in modifying aversive and appetitive memories in general.
  • Effectiveness of these methods in clinical populations remains limited.
  • Memory flexibility is influenced by memory type and underlying brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Memory reconsolidation offers a window for therapeutic memory modification.
  • Further research is needed to clarify optimal reactivation conditions and improve drug development for human use.
  • Understanding memory flexibility mechanisms is crucial for enhancing psychiatric treatment efficacy.