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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System
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The E. coli DNA Replication Fork.

J S Lewis1, S Jergic1, N E Dixon1

  • 1Centre for Medical & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.

The Enzymes
|June 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication in E. coli uses a replisome machinery for strand separation and DNA synthesis. This review details the structures and interactions within the replisome, crucial for coordinated leading and lagging strand replication.

Keywords:
Clamp loaderDNA polymerase IIIDnaB helicaseDnaG primaseLagging strandLeading strandOkazaki fragmentSliding clamp

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA replication initiates at oriC in Escherichia coli and proceeds bidirectionally.
  • The replication machinery, or replisome, is assembled at the origin of replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structures of enzymatic components of bacterial replisomes.
  • To elucidate protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions within the replisome.
  • To understand the dynamic changes during coordinated DNA replication.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of replisome components.
  • Biochemical studies of protein interactions.
  • Review of existing literature on DNA replication machinery.

Main Results:

  • The replisome comprises DnaB helicase, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (Pol III HE), and DnaG primase.
  • Pol III HE includes core polymerase, β2 sliding clamp, and clamp loader complex.
  • Detailed interactions organize the replisome for simultaneous leading and lagging strand synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding replisome structure and dynamics is key to bacterial DNA replication.
  • Protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions ensure replisome integrity and function.
  • Coordinated replication of both DNA strands relies on precise assembly and regulation of the replisome.