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Published on: March 12, 2014
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From matrix nano- and micro-phase tougheners to composite macro-properties
A J Kinloch1, A C Taylor2, M Techapaitoon2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK a.kinloch@imperial.ac.uk.
Summary
This study enhanced the toughness of natural fibre reinforced plastic (NFRP) composites by modifying epoxy matrices with silica nanoparticles and rubber microparticles. Fibre toughening mechanisms were key to achieving high composite toughness.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Polymer Science
- Composite Materials
Background:
- Epoxy polymers are widely used matrices in composites.
- Enhancing the toughness of epoxy-based composites is crucial for structural integrity.
- Natural fibre reinforced plastics (NFRPs) offer sustainable alternatives but require improved mechanical properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the morphology and toughness of bulk epoxy polymers modified with silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles.
- To ascertain the macro-properties of NFRP composites using these modified epoxies with flax or cellulose fibres.
- To identify toughening mechanisms and quantitatively model the toughness of both bulk polymers and NFRPs.
Main Methods:
- Characterization of bulk epoxy morphology and toughness.
- Fabrication and testing of NFRP composites with modified epoxy matrices and natural fibres (flax, cellulose).
- Identification of toughening mechanisms (nanoparticles, microparticles, fibres).
- Quantitative modelling of toughness values and contribution of each toughening mechanism.
Main Results:
- Modified epoxy matrices with silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles increased the toughness of the bulk polymers.
- This toughness enhancement was generally transferred to the NFRP composites.
- Natural fibres were primarily responsible for the very high toughness of the NFRP composites compared to bulk epoxies.
- Modelling successfully predicted toughness values and quantified the contribution of each toughening mechanism.
Conclusions:
- Modifying epoxy matrices significantly enhances composite toughness, with benefits transferable from the bulk polymer to the composite.
- While matrix modification is important, natural fibres play a dominant role in achieving exceptionally high toughness in NFRPs.
- Multiscale modelling provides accurate predictions of composite toughness and quantifies the impact of various toughening mechanisms.
