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Aberrant Pulmonary Vascular Growth and Remodeling in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Cristina M Alvira1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA , USA.

Frontiers in Medicine
|June 1, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants caused by arrested alveolarization. Impaired pulmonary angiogenesis and vascular remodeling contribute to BPD pathogenesis and pulmonary hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pulmonary Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Lung development, particularly alveolarization, continues postnatally, making the lung vulnerable to injury.
  • Premature birth increases susceptibility to lung injury, often leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  • BPD is characterized by arrested alveolarization and significant pulmonary vascular abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review normal lung development and the pathological features of arrested development in BPD.
  • To emphasize pulmonary vascular abnormalities in BPD pathogenesis.
  • To summarize key pathways regulating pulmonary vascular development and their alterations in BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lung development and BPD.
  • Analysis of experimental and clinical evidence regarding pulmonary vascular abnormalities.
  • Focus on key signaling pathways involved in vascular development.

Main Results:

  • Postnatal alveolarization is crucial for lung development and susceptible to disruption.
  • Impaired pulmonary angiogenesis is a key contributor to BPD pathogenesis.
  • BPD involves vascular remodeling and tone alterations, increasing risks of hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding normal lung vascular development is critical for elucidating BPD.
  • Pulmonary vascular abnormalities are central to BPD pathology.
  • Targeting key vascular pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for BPD.

Keywords:
HIFVEGFalveolarizationchronic lung diseasenitric oxidepulmonary angiogenesispulmonary hypertension

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