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Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography
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An array of individually addressable micro-needles for mapping pH distributions.

Claudio Zuliani1, Fu Siong Ng2, Andrea Alenda1

  • 1Centre for Bioinspired Technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK. c.zuliani@imperial.ac.uk.

The Analyst
|June 1, 2016
PubMed
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Researchers developed pH-sensitive microneedles using iridium oxide for direct tissue pH measurement. This array enables real-time cardiac pH mapping during ischemia and reperfusion events.

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate pH monitoring in biological tissues is crucial for understanding physiological and pathological processes.
  • Existing pH measurement techniques often face challenges with soft, heterogeneous biological samples.
  • Microneedle-based sensors offer a promising approach for minimally invasive in-situ measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize an array of individually addressable pH-sensitive microneedles.
  • To investigate the influence of electrodeposition parameters and environmental factors on sensor performance.
  • To evaluate the utility of the microneedle array for real-time pH mapping in biological tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of microneedle arrays with iridium oxide electrodeposition.

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  • Systematic investigation of deposition potential, storage conditions, and interferents.
  • Evaluation of sensor characteristics including slope, offset, and reproducibility.
  • In-situ demonstration of cardiac pH mapping during ischemia-reperfusion.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully prepared pH-sensitive microneedle arrays with electrodeposited iridium oxide.
    • Determined optimal deposition potentials and identified key factors affecting sensor stability and reproducibility.
    • Demonstrated the microneedle array's capability for real-time pH monitoring in heterogeneous biological samples.
    • Successfully mapped cardiac pH distribution during induced ischemia and reperfusion.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed iridium oxide-sensitized microneedle array provides a robust platform for direct pH measurements in soft tissues.
    • The sensor exhibits good reproducibility and is suitable for investigating dynamic pH changes in biological systems.
    • This technology holds potential for advancing diagnostic and research capabilities in cardiovascular and other relevant fields.