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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.4K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
1.4K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

835
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
835
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

2.2K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
2.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

2.5K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
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Transition-Selective Pulses in Zero-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Tobias F Sjolander1, Michael C D Tayler2,3, Jonathan P King1,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|June 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques using ultralow frequency pulses in zero magnetic fields. These methods enable sophisticated experiments and simplify complex NMR spectra analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Control

Background:

  • Traditional NMR spectroscopy typically operates at high magnetic fields.
  • Zero and ultralow magnetic field NMR present unique challenges and opportunities for spectroscopic analysis.
  • Sophisticated experimental techniques are needed to interpret complex spectra in these low-field regimes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate the utility of low-amplitude, ultralow frequency pulses for nuclear spin manipulation.
  • To enable a range of sophisticated NMR experiments in zero and ultralow magnetic fields.
  • To provide methods for simplifying the interpretation of zero and ultralow-field NMR spectra.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing low-amplitude, ultralow frequency pulses to drive nuclear spin transitions.
  • Applying narrow-band excitation techniques analogous to high-field NMR.
  • Implementing population redistribution, selective excitation, and coherence filtration using these pulses.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of driving nuclear spin transitions in zero and ultralow magnetic fields.
  • Successfully employed narrow-band excitation pulses with bandwidths of 0.5-5 Hz.
  • Showcased the application of these pulses for population redistribution, selective excitation, and coherence filtration.

Conclusions:

  • Low-amplitude, ultralow frequency pulses unlock advanced NMR experiments in zero and ultralow magnetic fields.
  • These techniques are crucial for interpreting complex NMR spectra with numerous transitions.
  • The demonstrated methods offer a powerful new toolkit for ultralow-field NMR research.