Segmental bioimpedance analysis in professional cyclists during a three week stage race

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Human Physiology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe, non-invasive method to assess body composition.
• Key BIA parameters include resistance (R), reactance (X c ), and phase angle (PhA).
• PhA is considered a sensitive indicator of cellular integrity and nutritional status.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate body composition changes in professional cyclists during the Giro D'Italia 2012.
• To specifically assess modifications in phase angle (PhA) as an indicator of fat-free mass nutritional status.
• To determine the utility of BIA for monitoring athletes during extended competitions.

Main Methods:

• Participants: Professional cyclists in the Giro D'Italia 2012.
• Measurements: Body weight, circumferences, skinfold thickness, and total/segmental BIA variables.
• Data Collection: At the beginning, middle, and end of the three-week race.

Main Results:

• Fat mass significantly decreased, while fat-free mass showed non-significant increases during the competition.
• Total PhA significantly reduced by the end of the race.
• Leg PhA significantly decreased in the middle and at the end of the competition, unlike arm PhA.

Conclusions:

• BIA is effective for monitoring body composition changes in athletes during endurance events.
• Phase angle (PhA) measurements, particularly in the legs, can reflect changes in fat-free mass status.
• BIA provides valuable insights for nutritional and training strategies in professional cycling.