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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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Experimental Design for Composite Face Transplantation.

Jihoon Park1, Sangjun Yim, Seok-Chan Eun

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hsopital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|June 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a composite facial allograft model in swine, crucial for advancing face transplantation techniques. This swine model closely mimics human facial anatomy, aiding future surgical training and research in reconstructive surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Animal Modeling

Background:

  • Face allotransplantation is a complex reconstructive procedure for severe facial defects.
  • Developing reliable animal models is essential for refining surgical techniques and improving outcomes.
  • Swine offer anatomical similarities to humans, making them suitable for facial transplantation research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a composite facial allograft model in swine.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of this model for transplantation research and training.

Main Methods:

  • A composite facial allograft was performed in swine using two simultaneous surgical teams to minimize operative time.
  • The facial flap was harvested including major vessels (common carotid artery, external jugular vein) and the facial nerve.

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  • Anastomosis of the harvested vessels and facial nerve was performed, followed by reconstruction of facial structures.

    • Main Results:

    • The mean total transplantation time was 7 hours.
    • The majority of allografts survived without vascular complications.
    • The model demonstrated successful vascular and nerve anastomosis and structural integration.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed swine model is well-suited for composite facial allotransplantation.
    • This model can serve as a standard for transplantation training and future research in facial reconstruction.