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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder in children with unclear brain impact.
  • Understanding brain alterations in pediatric IBS is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural and functional brain changes in adolescents with IBS compared to healthy controls.
  • To correlate brain alterations with clinical measures like abdominal pain and quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized MRI (3 Tesla Trio Tim) for high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical and T2-weighted functional scans.
  • Employed surface-based morphometry and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) analysis.
  • Assessed abdominal pain, quality of life (HRQOL), disease duration, and pain intensity using validated questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with IBS exhibited cortical thickening in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and thinning in parietal/prefrontal areas (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DLPFC).
  • Abdominal pain severity correlated with somatosensory cortex thickening, while HRQOL associated with insular cortex thinning.
  • Reduced anti-correlations between PCC and DLPFC in IBS patients suggest altered default mode and cognitive control network connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to show combined structural and functional brain changes in adolescents with IBS, linked to clinical symptoms.
  • Observed brain changes may serve as potential biomarkers for disease progression or therapeutic response in pediatric IBS.