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School Choice, School Quality and Postsecondary Attainment.

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Area of Science:

  • Education Policy
  • Sociology of Education
  • Economics of Education

Background:

  • School choice programs aim to improve educational outcomes by allowing students to select schools.
  • Understanding the causal impact of school choice on long-term outcomes like college attainment is crucial for policy evaluation.
  • Previous research has yielded mixed results on the effectiveness of school choice programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a public school choice lottery on college enrollment and degree completion.
  • To identify the mechanisms through which school choice affects college attainment.
  • To examine differential impacts of school choice by gender.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a public school choice lottery in Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools.
  • Employed rich administrative data including peer, teacher, and course information.
  • Employed regression analysis to estimate treatment effects and identify mediating factors.

Main Results:

  • Lottery winners who attended their first choice school showed a significant increase in college attainment.
  • The positive impacts of school choice were strongly correlated with improvements in school quality metrics.
  • Gains in college attainment were concentrated among female students.
  • Female students responded to attending higher-quality schools with improved grades and increased college-preparatory course-taking, unlike male students.

Conclusions:

  • Public school choice can be an effective policy for increasing college attainment, particularly when it leads to attending higher-quality schools.
  • School quality, especially for female students, plays a critical role in translating school choice into improved educational outcomes.
  • Gender differences in response to school choice highlight the need for tailored educational interventions and policies.