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Joints

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....

Method of Joints

Method of Joints

The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...

Movement Joints in Buildings

Movement Joints in Buildings

Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Biomechanical Analysis Methods to Assess Professional Badminton Players' Lunge Performance

Biomechanical Analysis Methods to Assess Professional Badminton Players' Lunge Performance

Published on: June 11, 2019

Joint laxity in the performing arts.

¹Emeritus Professor of Pharmacological Rheumatology, University of Leeds; Retired Honorary Consultant Rheumatologist, General Infirmary at Leeds; and Visiting Professor in Performing Arts Medicine, University College, London, United Kingdom. howard.a.bird@gmail.com.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde

|June 2, 2016

Summary

Joint laxity assessment methods are reviewed, highlighting its importance for musicians and dancers. Understanding joint flexibility variations is key for optimizing performance in various artistic disciplines.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Kinesiology
Artistic Performance Science

Background:

Traditional joint flexibility assessment methods often yield variable results.
Joint laxity, or the range of motion in joints, varies significantly among individuals.
Understanding the factors contributing to joint laxity is crucial for specialized fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing joint flexibility scoring systems.
To define the reasons behind variations in joint laxity.
To explore the significance of controlled joint laxity in musicians and dancers.

Main Methods:

Literature review of traditional joint flexibility assessment techniques.
Analysis of factors influencing joint laxity.
Discussion of the role of joint laxity in artistic performance.

Main Results:

Identification of inconsistencies in current joint flexibility scoring systems.
Definition of key factors contributing to individual differences in joint laxity.
Exploration of the benefits of tailored joint laxity for musicians and dancers.

Conclusions:

Controlled joint laxity is valuable for musicians' hand and arm dexterity.
Optimizing joint laxity is desirable for dancers across various styles, considering individual articular characteristics.
Further research into personalized joint laxity management may enhance artistic expression and prevent injury.