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Related Concept Videos

Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
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Isochoric and Isobaric Processes01:21

Isochoric and Isobaric Processes

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A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or removed from the system is partially utilized to perform work and change the internal energy of the system. However, in an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. Hence, the work done by the system is zero. Therefore, the exchange of heat changes the internal energy of the system only. 
Suppose 1000 g of water is heated from 40...
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Multiple Regression01:25

Multiple Regression

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Multiple regression assesses a linear relationship between one response or dependent variable and two or more independent variables. It has many practical applications.
Farmers can use multiple regression to determine the crop yield based on more than one factor, such as water availability, fertilizer, soil properties, etc. Here, the crop yield is the response or dependent variable as it depends on the other independent variables. The analysis requires the construction of a scatter plot...
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
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Related Experiment Video

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Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere
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Multi-model attribution of upper-ocean temperature changes using an isothermal approach.

Evan Weller1, Seung-Ki Min1, Matthew D Palmer2

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.

Scientific Reports
|June 2, 2016
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Summary

Human activities and natural factors influence ocean warming primarily through air-sea heat fluxes. A new isotherm analysis method improves detection of these climate forcings in upper-ocean temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Oceanography
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • Upper-ocean warming is observed, influenced by air-sea heat exchanges and ocean advection.
  • Air-sea heat fluxes are the primary pathway for human-induced (greenhouse gases) and natural (volcanic aerosols) climate forcings affecting ocean heat content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare a fixed isotherm approach with a fixed depth approach for detecting climate forcings in upper-ocean temperatures.
  • To conduct the first multi-model ensemble detection and attribution analysis using the fixed isotherm method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5).
  • Compared mean temperatures above a fixed isotherm against the traditional fixed depth method.
  • Performed a multi-model ensemble detection and attribution analysis.

Main Results:

  • The fixed isotherm approach robustly detects both anthropogenic and natural external influences on upper-ocean temperatures.
  • The large ensemble size and isotherm analysis properties reduce internal ocean variability, enhancing observation-model comparison since the 1950s.
  • The high temporal resolution of the isotherm analysis is crucial for detecting short-lived natural forcings like volcanic cooling events.

Conclusions:

  • The fixed isotherm method offers a more effective way to detect and attribute climate forcings in the upper ocean.
  • This approach improves our understanding of how various factors, including human activities and natural events, impact ocean heat content.
  • Future climate change detection and attribution studies can benefit from employing the fixed isotherm analysis for enhanced accuracy and temporal resolution.