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Related Experiment Video

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Small groups and long memories promote cooperation.

Alexander J Stewart1, Joshua B Plotkin1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Scientific Reports
|June 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Longer memories in evolutionary games stabilize cooperation. Even with costs, extended memory strategies evolve, promoting collective action, especially in smaller groups.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Game Theory
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Complex social behaviors, like collective action and memory-based decision-making, are central to evolutionary biology.
  • Evolutionary game theory offers a robust framework for studying the emergence and persistence of such behaviors in evolving systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a framework for studying the evolution of sustained collective action in multi-player public-goods games.
  • To analyze strategies with long-term memory and their impact on cooperation.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a coordinate system for memory-m strategies in iterated n-player games.
  • Characterized cooperative strategies resistant to invasion by mutant strategies.
  • Explored the co-evolution of behavior and memory.

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Main Results:

  • Longer-memory strategies facilitate the evolution of cooperation, particularly in small groups.
  • Increased memory length expands the possibilities for stabilizing cooperative behavior.
  • Longer-memory strategies often evolve even when memory incurs a cost.

Conclusions:

  • Memory plays a crucial role in the evolution of sustained collective action.
  • The co-evolution of memory and behavior can drive cooperation even with low benefits.
  • The developed framework provides insights into stabilizing cooperation in social dilemmas.