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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Endomyocardial Bioptic Samples of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients
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Endomyocardial biopsy under echocardiographic monitoring

Giuseppe Toscano1, Antonio Gambino1, Lorenzo Bagozzi1

  • 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.

Multimedia Manual of Cardiothoracic Surgery : MMCTS
|June 2, 2016
PubMed

Endomyocardial biopsy is a common procedure for monitoring cardiac allograft rejection; several techniques have been described so far, throughout different access sites and under echocardiographic or X-ray control. We describe the routine technique adopted at our centre based on echo-guided puncture of jugular vein and echocardiographic assessment of endomyocardial sampling with direct visualization of the bioptome tip. We also report the most common complications of the procedure, especially concerning the risk of iatrogenic tricuspid regurgitation, and same examples of histopathological findings drawn from our own iconographic collection.

Keywords:
Cardiac allograft rejection surveillanceEcho-guided biopsyEndomyocardial biopsy

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