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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
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Stem cells sources for intervertebral disc regeneration.

Gianluca Vadalà1, Fabrizio Russo1, Luca Ambrosio1

  • 1Gianluca Vadalà, Fabrizio Russo, Luca Ambrosio, Mattia Loppini, Vincenzo Denaro, Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.

World Journal of Stem Cells
|June 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Stem cell therapy shows promise for intervertebral disc regeneration, offering alternatives to current treatments. Various stem cell types and engineered carriers are being explored for treating disc disorders.

Keywords:
Cell therapyIntervertebral disc degenerationSpineStem cellsTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc degeneration is a prevalent health issue with limited effective treatments.
  • Current therapies are often symptomatic or involve invasive spinal fusion with associated risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc regeneration.
  • To summarize the current knowledge on various stem cell types and delivery systems for disc repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating stem cell applications in intervertebral disc regeneration.
  • Analysis of different adult stem cell sources and engineered carriers (e.g., hydrogels).

Main Results:

  • Multiple adult stem cell types, including bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and adipose-derived stem cells, have demonstrated potential in disc regeneration.
  • Engineered biocompatible and biodegradable carriers facilitate controlled delivery of stem cells for in situ repair.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy represents a promising avenue for intervertebral disc regeneration.
  • Further research into optimizing stem cell types and delivery systems is crucial for clinical translation.