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Related Concept Videos

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

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A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Structural Transitions in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Droplets.

Ye Zhou1, Emre Bukusoglu2, José A Martínez-González1

  • 1Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.

ACS Nano
|June 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) droplets exhibit diverse structures influenced by chirality and surface energy. This study reveals transitions between twisted, bent, and radial spherical forms, with potential applications in responsive materials.

Keywords:
ChLCLandau−de Gennes modelchiralityliquid crystal

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Confinement of cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) in droplets creates complex interactions between elasticity, chirality, and surface energy.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to controlling ChLC droplet morphology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the morphological behavior of micrometer-sized ChLC droplets.
  • To explore the influence of varying chirality and surface energy (anchoring) on ChLC droplet structures.
  • To assess the potential of ChLC droplets as stimuli-responsive materials.

Main Methods:

  • Combination of theoretical modeling and experimental observations.
  • Systematic study of ChLC droplets with varying chirality and surface anchoring conditions.
  • Utilized simulations to predict and confirm structural transitions and dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed a continuous transition from twisted bipolar to radial spherical structures with increasing chirality.
  • Identified and experimentally confirmed a 'bent' structure during the chiral transition.
  • Demonstrated nanoparticle attraction to defect regions and discussed morphology changes with increasing surface anchoring strength.

Conclusions:

  • ChLC droplet morphology is highly sensitive to chirality and surface interactions.
  • The observed structural transitions and nanoparticle behavior highlight their potential as responsive materials.
  • Further research can explore ChLC droplets for sensing molecular adsorbates.