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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Published on: June 10, 2025
Therapeutic options for cutaneous lupus erythematosus: recent advances and future prospects
Joshua Chang1,2, Victoria P Werth1,2
1a Dermatology Section, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Philadelphia VA Medical Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
Introduction:
Treatment and prevention are of critical importance in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), as the disease can have a devastating effect on patient well-being and quality of life.
Areas Covered:
We conducted a selective search of the PubMed database for articles published between December 2010 and November 2015. This review encompasses both non-pharmaceutical (photoprotection, smoking cessation, drug withdrawal, and vitamin D replacement) and pharmaceutical (topicals, antimalarials, immunosuppressives, biologics, etc.) interventions used in the treatment of CLE. Expert Commentary: Recent work has expanded our understanding of established therapies as well as introduced new treatments for consideration, though existing medications still prove inadequate for a subset of patients. Changes in trial design may help to alleviate this issue.
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