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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Bar Graph01:07

Multiple Bar Graph

10.5K
As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can include as many parameters as possible. However, each parameter must have the same unit of measurement.
Each bar or column in the multiple bar graph represents a data value. These graphs are used primarily in interrelating two or more sets of data. The categories of different kinds of data are listed along the horizontal or x-axis, whereas...
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Histogram01:05

Histogram

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The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data represents (for instance, distance from your home to school). The vertical y-axis is labeled either frequency or relative frequency (or percent frequency or probability).
A histogram graph consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. The heights of the bars correspond to frequency values. The graph will have the same shape with respective labels. The...
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Cartesian Vector Notation01:28

Cartesian Vector Notation

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Cartesian vector notation is a valuable tool in mechanical engineering for representing vectors in three-dimensional space, performing vector operations such as determining the gradient, divergence, and curl, and expressing physical quantities such as the displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force. By using Cartesian vector notation, engineers can more easily analyze and solve problems in various areas of mechanical engineering, including dynamics, kinematics, and fluid mechanics. This...
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Bar Graph01:07

Bar Graph

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A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show comparisons among categories. The bars can be rectangles, or they can be rectangular boxes (used in three-dimensional plots). One axis of the graph represents the specific categories being compared, and the other axis shows a discrete value. In this graph, the length of the bar for each category is proportional to the number or percent of individuals...
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Dot Product01:29

Dot Product

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The dot product is an essential concept in mathematics and physics.
In engineering, the dot product of any two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It is denoted by a dot symbol between the two vectors.
Consider a vehicle pulling an object along the ground using a rope. If the rope makes an angle with the horizontal axis, the work done can be calculated using the dot product of the force applied and the object's displacement.
The dot...
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Vector or Cross Product01:17

Vector or Cross Product

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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Multiplexed Barcoding Image Analysis for Immunoprofiling and Spatial Mapping Characterization in the Single-Cell Analysis of Paraffin Tissue Samples
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PiCode: A New Picture-Embedding 2D Barcode.

Changsheng Chen, Wenjian Huang, Baojian Zhou

    IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
    |June 2, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces PiCode, a novel picture-embedding 2D barcode. PiCode integrates scannable barcodes into images with high visual quality and robust data decoding for advertisements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Science
    • Image Processing
    • Human-Computer Interaction

    Background:

    • Conventional 2D barcodes are visually obtrusive in advertisements.
    • Existing beautified 2D barcodes often compromise image quality or decoding robustness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose PiCode, a novel picture-embedding 2D barcode system.
    • To address limitations of conventional 2D barcodes in aesthetic integration and information display.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing PiCode with considerations for embedded image perceptual quality.
    • Ensuring decoding robustness of the encoded message within the picturesque barcode.
    • Implementing PiCode in MATLAB and porting components to mobile platforms (Android, iOS).

    Main Results:

    • PiCode achieves high perceptual quality for embedded images.
    • Demonstrates a superior tradeoff between image quality and decoding robustness compared to existing methods.
    • Successfully implemented and practically demonstrated for real-world applications.

    Conclusions:

    • PiCode offers an aesthetically pleasing and functional solution for 2D barcodes in advertising.
    • The system provides a practical approach for integrating scannable codes with visual content.
    • PiCode shows promise for enhanced user engagement in digital and print media.