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Biological Form is Sufficient to Create a Biological Motion Sex Aftereffect.

Eric Hiris1, Aaron Mirenzi2, Katie Janis3

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Biological motion sex aftereffects are caused by adapting to form, not motion. Static shapes, not dynamic body cues, sufficiently create this visual system aftereffect, suggesting lower-level adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Human Motion Analysis
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • The biological motion sex aftereffect is a phenomenon where perceiving a stimulus of one sex influences the perceived sex of a subsequent stimulus.
  • Previous research has not definitively identified whether this aftereffect stems from adaptation to the stimulus's general sex representation, its motion, or its form.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal factors behind the biological motion sex aftereffect.
  • To determine whether adaptation to stimulus sex, motion, or form drives the aftereffect.

Main Methods:

  • Five experiments were conducted using various stimuli, including gendered faces, full body images, partial biological motion displays (focusing on shoulders, hips, and feet), and static frames or shapes.
  • Participants were exposed to adaptation stimuli, followed by test stimuli to measure the occurrence of the biological motion sex aftereffect.

Main Results:

  • Adaptation to gendered faces and full body images did not induce the aftereffect.
  • Adaptation to moving partial biological motion displays, even those with key sex-discriminating cues, did not create the aftereffect.
  • Adaptation to static frames or shapes derived from static frames successfully generated the biological motion sex aftereffect.

Conclusions:

  • Form information alone is sufficient to elicit a biological motion sex aftereffect.
  • The findings suggest that biological motion sex aftereffects may arise from lower-level adaptation processes within the visual system, rather than higher-level representations.