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Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

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In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Authors' reply

James White¹, Paola Zaninotto¹, Mika Kivimäki¹

¹James White, Centre for Trials Research & Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer) Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK, email: whitej11@cf.ac.uk; Paola Zaninotto, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Mika Kivimäki, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, and Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; G. David Batty, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, and Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science

|June 3, 2016

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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