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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
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Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
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Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

Published on: August 4, 2019

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Genome Stability Requires p53.

Christine M Eischen1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|June 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Functional p53 protein is crucial for genome stability and preventing cancer. This review explores how p53 works and how its regulators Mdm2 and Mdmx can cause genome instability.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The p53 protein is essential for protecting the genome against alterations that can lead to cancer.
  • Cellular stresses activate p53 through various pathways, but the precise mechanisms of genome stabilization and involved proteins are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the multifaceted roles of p53 in maintaining genome stability.
  • To explain how Mdm2 and Mdmx, negative regulators of p53, contribute to genome instability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current understanding of p53 function.
  • Analysis of pathways involving p53 activation and regulation.
  • Examination of the impact of Mdm2 and Mdmx on genome stability.

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Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts

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Detection of Aggregation-Prone Behavior in Mutant P53 V157F Breast Cancer Cells Using Multipoint Thioflavin T Fluorescence
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Detection of Aggregation-Prone Behavior in Mutant P53 V157F Breast Cancer Cells Using Multipoint Thioflavin T Fluorescence

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Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
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Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

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Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts
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Main Results:

  • p53 employs multiple mechanisms to ensure genome integrity.
  • Inhibition of p53 by Mdm2 and Mdmx disrupts these protective functions, leading to genomic instability.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding p53's genome-stabilizing functions is key to cancer prevention.
  • Targeting the interplay between p53, Mdm2, and Mdmx may offer therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.