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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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Recent Advances in Genome Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9.

Yuduan Ding1, Hong Li2, Ling-Ling Chen1

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|June 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The CRISPR-Cas9 system revolutionizes genome engineering for plants. Recent advances enhance its precision and efficiency for gene editing, enabling deeper plant biology research and crop improvement.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9bioinformatic toolsgenome editingguide RNAplants

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful RNA-guided genome-editing technology.
  • It has become a revolutionary tool with diverse applications in biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its implications for plant research.
  • To summarize recent advances and discuss future applications in crop breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Cas9-mediated genome editing using guide RNA (gRNA).
  • Optimization of Cas9 and gRNA expression for improved targeting.
  • Development of bioinformatic tools and engineered Cas9 variants.

Main Results:

  • Targeted gene knockout established in numerous plant species.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 enables sequence-specific mutagenesis, integration, and transcriptional control.
  • Engineered Cas9 variants and tools address off-target effects and PAM constraints.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 is a flexible and revolutionary tool for plant genome engineering.
  • Its adoption facilitates in-depth plant biology investigation.
  • Enables innovative applications in precise crop breeding and development.