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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

120
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
120
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

33.4K
Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
8.1K
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

136
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
136
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

97
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
97
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

107
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
107

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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Update on biphasic anaphylaxis.

Sangil Lee1, Annie T Sadosty, Ronna L Campbell

  • 1aDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato bDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|June 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biphasic anaphylaxis, a delayed reaction after initial recovery, occurs in 0.4-14.7% of cases. Further research is needed to define risk factors, prevention strategies, and optimal observation for anaphylaxis patients.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Biphasic anaphylaxis is a recognized complication of anaphylaxis.
  • Definitions and risk factors for biphasic reactions are inconsistently reported in the literature.
  • Contemporary analysis using modern definitions is necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze contemporary studies on biphasic anaphylaxis using modern definitions.
  • To identify gaps in current understanding and research needs for biphasic anaphylaxis management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of contemporary literature on biphasic anaphylaxis.
  • Analysis of reported incidence rates, risk factors, and management strategies.
  • Evaluation based on the NIAID/FAAN standardized definition of anaphylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Incidence of biphasic reactions ranges from 0.4% to 14.7% across studies.
  • Risk factors are inconsistently identified and may lack generalizability.
  • While severe biphasic reactions are rare, up to 50% require epinephrine; the role of steroids and optimal observation duration require further study.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to refine the care model for anaphylaxis.
  • Key areas for investigation include prevention, risk identification, observation strategies, and patient education for biphasic reactions.