Mdx muscle grafts retain the mdx phenotype in normal hosts

Whole muscle grafts were made between mdx and normal mice to investigate whether the mdx myopathic lesion is intrinsic to mdx muscle or is a property of its environment. Grafts were examined between 20 and 101 days. Unequivocal necrotic muscle fibers and/or newly formed basophilic myotubes were noted in 8 of 16 grafts of mdx muscle made in normal hosts but in none of 16 grafts of normal muscle made in mdx hosts. In older grafts, the proportion of centrally nucleated fibers and variability of fiber diameter were both higher in mdx muscle grafted into normal hosts than in normal muscle grafted into either mdx or normal hosts. Analysis of the glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) isoenzyme content of the grafts indicated that the muscle formed was predominantly of donor origin. These findings provide evidence that the mdx lesion is a primary myopathy rather than secondary to an extramuscular primary lesion.