Public readiness for HIV self-testing in Kenya.

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• HIV self-testing offers a promising strategy to increase testing coverage, particularly among hesitant populations.
• Existing HIV testing mechanisms face challenges in reaching all individuals in need.
• The Kenyan government sought evidence on public readiness for HIV self-testing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the readiness and preferences of the Kenyan population for HIV self-testing.
• To identify optimal distribution channels and understand user expectations regarding HIV self-testing.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of evidence from five studies funded by 3ie (International Initiative for Impact Evaluation).
• Inclusion of data addressing Kenyan government queries on HIV self-testing readiness.
• Qualitative and quantitative data synthesis on user perceptions and concerns.

Main Results:

• A high level of readiness for HIV self-testing was observed among Kenyans.
• Preferred distribution outlets include public health facilities and pharmacies, emphasizing accessibility.
• Understanding of the importance of counseling and confirmatory testing is evident, though influenced by test outcomes.
• Concerns regarding potential harms exist but are perceived as addressable and often related to others' actions.

Conclusions:

• Kenyans are generally prepared to adopt HIV self-testing.
• Accessible distribution models are crucial for successful implementation.
• Addressing user concerns proactively can facilitate wider acceptance and uptake of HIV self-testing.