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Fungal meningitis caused by Lomentospora prolificans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

M Tamaki1, K Nozaki1, M Onishi1

  • 1Department of Hematology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Transplant Infectious Disease : an Official Journal of the Transplantation Society
|June 4, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Central nervous system lomentosporiosis is a rare fungal infection. This case highlights fatal meningitis caused by Lomentospora prolificans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a neutropenic patient.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Central nervous system lomentosporiosis is a rare opportunistic infection.
  • Immunocompromised patients, particularly those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), are at increased risk.
  • Lomentospora prolificans (formerly Scedosporium prolificans) is an emerging fungal pathogen.

Observation:

  • A fatal case of meningitis caused by Lomentospora prolificans is described.
  • The patient had undergone allo-HSCT and presented with neutropenia.
  • This represents a previously unreported instance of Lomentospora meningitis post-allo-HSCT.

Findings:

  • Lomentospora prolificans can cause severe invasive fungal infections, including meningitis, in immunocompromised hosts.
  • The infection proved refractory to standard antifungal therapies.
  • Early consideration of L. prolificans is crucial in neutropenic patients with suspected fungal infections unresponsive to treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for L. prolificans to cause life-threatening central nervous system infections after allo-HSCT.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for L. prolificans in similar patient populations.
  • Further research into effective therapeutic strategies for Lomentospora infections is warranted.
Keywords:
Lomentospora prolificanScedosporium prolificanslomentosporiosismeningitismoldstem cell transplant

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