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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by &#960;-&#960; Stacking Interactions
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Closed-System One-Pot Block Copolymerization by Temperature-Modulated Monomer Segregation.

R Nicholas Carmean1, C Adrian Figg1, Troy E Becker1

  • 1George & Joesphine Bulter Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 11700, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A novel biphasic polymerization method synthesizes block copolymers in one pot. This technique uses a frozen monomer phase to control polymerization, enabling efficient synthesis without external reagents.

Keywords:
RAFT polymerizationblock copolymersphotopolymerizationradical polymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Block copolymers are versatile materials with applications in various fields.
  • Existing synthesis methods often require multiple steps, external reagents, or complex procedures.
  • Controlling the sequential addition of monomers is crucial for block copolymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified, one-pot method for synthesizing block copolymers.
  • To enable the preparation of block copolymers from monomers with similar and competitive reactivities.
  • To achieve controlled polymerization without external reagent addition.

Main Methods:

  • A biphasic system was employed, with monomer B frozen in a lower layer and monomer A in an upper liquid layer.
  • Monomer A underwent homopolymerization in the liquid phase.
  • Heating the reaction vessel above the melting point of monomer B initiated its release and subsequent block copolymerization.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of AB diblock copolymers was achieved.
  • The method allowed for triggered chain extension without additional deoxygenation or monomer addition.
  • The biphasic approach effectively separated monomers until controlled release was initiated.

Conclusions:

  • A closed, one-pot polymerization method for block copolymers was successfully developed.
  • This technique offers a straightforward and efficient approach using conventional glassware.
  • The method is suitable for monomers with varying reactivities, simplifying block copolymer synthesis.