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Related Concept Videos

Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

1
Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics01:28

Microbial Bioremediation of Plastics

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

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Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
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Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

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Engineered biosynthesis of biodegradable polymers.

Pooja Jambunathan1, Kechun Zhang2

  • 1University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology
|June 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biobased plastics like polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and polybutylene succinate (PBS) are rapidly developing due to environmental concerns. This review covers their production, including host organisms, feedstocks, metabolic engineering, fermentation, and purification.

Keywords:
Biodegradable polymersBioplasticsPolybutylene succinate (PBS)Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)Polylactic acid (PLA)

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Materials Science
  • Focus on sustainable and biodegradable polymers

Background:

  • Growing environmental concerns regarding plastic pollution and fossil fuel depletion drive the need for alternatives.
  • Biobased plastics offer a sustainable solution with inherent biodegradability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in three key biobased plastics: polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and polybutylene succinate (PBS).
  • To discuss the entire production chain, from microbial hosts to final product purification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on fermentative production of biobased plastic monomers and polymers.
  • Analysis of host organisms (natural and recombinant), carbon feedstocks, metabolic engineering strategies, fermentation technologies, and downstream processing.

Main Results:

  • Identified various natural and recombinant host organisms for efficient monomer production.
  • Highlighted alternative carbon feedstocks for cost reduction in biobased plastic manufacturing.
  • Detailed metabolic engineering strategies to enhance product titers and fermentation technologies for increased productivities.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in the development and production of PLA, PHA, and PBS.
  • Optimization of production processes, including feedstock selection and metabolic engineering, is crucial for the widespread adoption of these biodegradable plastics.