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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

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Quantifying Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Tumor Spheroid Model: Application for Drug Discovery

Quantifying Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Tumor Spheroid Model: Application for Drug Discovery

Published on: April 26, 2024

Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer.

Frederik Marmé¹

¹National Center for Tumour Diseases and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Oncology Research and Treatment

|June 5, 2016

Summary

Immunotherapy shows promise for breast cancer, particularly aggressive subtypes. While cancer vaccines have faced challenges, immune checkpoint inhibitors are emerging as a hopeful strategy against tumor immune evasion.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Cancer Research

Background:

The tumor microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression and treatment response.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes exhibit prognostic and predictive value, especially in aggressive subtypes like triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer.
Tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens drive anti-tumor immune responses, forming the basis for therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current status of immunotherapy in breast cancer.
To discuss the challenges and future perspectives of immunotherapeutic approaches, including cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on tumor microenvironment, cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer.

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Analysis of clinical trial data and emerging research findings.

Main Results:

Cancer vaccines have shown limited clinical benefit in breast cancer due to difficulties in generating robust immune responses and overcoming immune escape.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated preliminary clinical activity in metastatic breast cancer, warranting further investigation.

Conclusions:

Despite challenges, immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, holds significant promise for improving outcomes in breast cancer patients.
Overcoming immune escape mechanisms and enhancing immune responses are critical for the success of future breast cancer immunotherapies.