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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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Acute Multiple Sclerosis Relapse.

Regina Radner Berkovich

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |June 5, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Timely recognition and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses are crucial for reducing disability. Effective management, including corticosteroids and plasma exchange, improves patient outcomes and disease control.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses are characterized by significant functional impairment and reduced quality of life.
    • Understanding the pathophysiology, triggers, and clinical presentation of MS exacerbations is essential for effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the pathophysiology, triggering factors, markers, clinical variants, and diagnostic recommendations for acute exacerbations (relapses) of multiple sclerosis (MS).
    • To discuss current and potential treatment options for MS relapses, including mechanisms of action and management strategies for steroid-resistant cases.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of proposed pathophysiology, triggering factors, markers, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria for MS relapses.
    • Review of treatment options including systemic corticosteroids, adrenocorticotropic hormone, plasma exchange, and emerging therapies.

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  • Assessment of recent findings on the mechanisms of action for steroid and adrenocorticotropic hormone treatments.

    • Main Results:

    • MS exacerbations often lead to remission, but residual deficits can cause progressive disability.
    • Treatment of MS relapses shortens disability duration and improves patient-reported outcomes and sense of disease control.
    • An algorithm for MS relapse management, including strategies for steroid-resistant cases, is presented.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt recognition and appropriate treatment of MS relapses are vital for optimal patient outcomes.
    • Recommended therapeutic methods should be employed for managing MS exacerbations.