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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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Urologic Emergencies.

Adam E Ludvigson1, Lisa T Beaule2

  • 1Division of Urology, Maine Medical Center, 100 Brickhill Ave., South Portland, Maine 04106, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|June 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide helps non-urologists manage common urologic emergencies. It provides practical diagnostic and treatment strategies for general surgeons and emergency physicians to improve patient care.

Keywords:
Acute urinary retentionFournier gangreneIschemic priapismObstructed pyonephrosisParaphimosisTesticular torsionUrologic emergencies

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • General Surgery

Background:

  • Urologic emergencies require prompt recognition and management.
  • Non-urology specialists often manage these cases in underserved areas.
  • Basic urology training is essential for all residents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To equip non-urologists with knowledge of key urologic emergencies.
  • To provide practical, actionable treatment guidelines for non-specialists.
  • To enhance confidence in managing urologic conditions outside of specialized care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common urologic emergencies.
  • Identification of critical diagnostic criteria.
  • Outline of practical, evidence-based treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Key urologic emergencies and their management strategies are detailed.
  • Focus on immediate interventions for non-urology providers.
  • Emphasis on practical, meaningful treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Non-urology providers can effectively manage many urologic emergencies.
  • This article improves understanding and comfort levels for non-specialists.
  • Timely care for urologic emergencies is achievable with appropriate guidance.