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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Opioids and Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Emer Van Ryswyk1, Nick A Antic1

  • 1Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.

Chest
|June 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid use is linked to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) shows promise in managing opioid-induced SDB, but larger studies are needed to confirm long-term benefits.

Keywords:
central sleep apneaopioidssleep-disordered breathing

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Opioid use for chronic pain has surged, leading to increased opioid-associated morbidity and mortality.
  • A strong correlation exists between chronic opioid use and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), affecting most users.
  • Opioids primarily cause central sleep apnea and, to a lesser extent, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on managing SDB in patients on chronic opioid therapy.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) for opioid-induced SDB.
  • To identify gaps in research and guide future treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on chronic opioid therapy and SDB management.
  • Analysis of research on noninvasive ventilation, specifically ASV, for opioid-associated SDB.
  • Assessment of outcome measures including central apnea index and apnea-hypopnea index.

Main Results:

  • Initial management involves biopsychosocial assessment, opioid reduction/cessation consideration, and alternative pain therapies.
  • Small to medium-scale studies indicate positive results for ASV in treating opioid-associated SDB.
  • ASV improves key outcome measures like central apnea index and apnea-hypopnea index.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of opioid-induced SDB is crucial for patients on chronic opioid therapy.
  • ASV demonstrates potential efficacy in treating opioid-associated SDB, particularly central sleep apnea.
  • Further large-scale studies are required to assess long-term health outcomes, patient sleepiness, and compliance with ASV.