Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

4.6K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
4.6K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

6.3K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
6.3K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.9K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.9K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

4.2K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
4.2K
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

8.0K
8.0K
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

5.9K
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Parathyroid Carcinoma: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Multidisciplinary Management.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

High CD163+CD206+ macrophage infiltration in the bone marrow microenvironment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.

Journal of leukocyte biology·2026
Same author

Assessing macrofungal diversity to identify conservation priority areas: a case study from the southern section of the Hengduan Mountains, China.

IMA fungus·2026
Same author

Comprehensive Flavor Profiling of Dairy Products Using Electronic Tongue: Discrimination Based on Processing Parameters and Formulations.

Food science & nutrition·2026
Same author

Safety Evaluation of Weissella paramesenteroides MW-142 Isolated From Traditional Fermented Mulberry Wine.

MicrobiologyOpen·2026
Same author

Bone marrow SELENOP<sup>+</sup> macrophages support hematopoiesis after transplantation via GAS6-AXL signaling pathway.

Cancer letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

14.9K

Rictor/mTORC2 loss in osteoblasts impairs bone mass and strength.

Dong-Mei Liu1, Lin Zhao2, Ting-Ting Liu1

  • 1Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China.

Bone
|June 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling, specifically the protein rictor in osteoblasts, is crucial for maintaining bone mass and structure. Deleting rictor impairs bone remodeling and biomechanical properties, particularly in cortical bone.

Keywords:
Bone remodelingOsteoblastsOsteoclastsRictormTORC2

More Related Videos

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model
08:42

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Published on: July 3, 2020

5.2K
Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
05:25

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Published on: July 21, 2023

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

14.9K
Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model
08:42

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Published on: July 3, 2020

5.2K
Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
05:25

Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential

Published on: July 21, 2023

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cell growth, existing in two complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2.
  • mTORC2 comprises distinct components, including rictor, and its role in skeletal anabolism was investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anabolic role of mTORC2 signaling in the mammalian skeleton.
  • To determine the specific function of rictor within osteoblasts in bone maintenance and remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Cre/loxp system for targeted deletion of rictor in mature osteoblasts.
  • Employed dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histomorphometry, and molecular analyses.
  • Assessed bone mineral density, lean mass, cortical and trabecular bone architecture, bone turnover, and biomechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • Deletion of rictor in osteoblasts (Rictorob(-/-) mice) led to reduced lean mass and bone mineral density.
  • Significant impairment of cortical bone mass, thickness, and microarchitecture, with increased porosity.
  • Reduced bone turnover due to decreased osteoblast activity and resorption, impacting biomechanical strength.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoblast-specific expression of rictor is essential for maintaining normal skeletal remodeling.
  • mTORC2 signaling via rictor plays a critical anabolic role, particularly in preserving cortical bone integrity.
  • Disruption of rictor in osteoblasts compromises bone mass, architecture, and biomechanical function.