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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Health Law
    • Public Health Policy
    • Gender Studies

    Background:

    • Political discourse increasingly uses the punishment of pregnant women as a focal point.
    • Legislation is emerging that targets pregnant individuals, reflecting a broader trend of state-sanctioned control over women's bodies.
    • Examples include proposed defunding of reproductive health services and penalizing women seeking abortions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the growing trend of laws designed to punish pregnant women.
    • To examine how these laws serve as political tools and impact reproductive autonomy.
    • To highlight the selective targeting of pregnant women through criminal sanctions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of legislative actions and political rhetoric concerning pregnant women's reproductive rights.
    • Analysis of specific state laws and proposed bills that criminalize gestational conduct.
    • Examination of the language used by political figures and advocacy groups.

    Main Results:

    • Numerous laws and legislative proposals specifically target pregnant women, imposing penalties for actions that could affect fetal health.
    • Legislation in states like Utah and Texas, and practices in Wisconsin, demonstrate a pattern of criminalizing pregnant individuals' behavior.
    • These efforts extend to mandatory procedures and the establishment of fetal personhood, broadly criminalizing gestational conduct.

    Conclusions:

    • Laws aimed at punishing pregnant women represent a significant and growing form of state-sanctioned violence and control.
    • These legislative trends selectively target pregnant women, infringing upon their bodily autonomy and reproductive rights.
    • The criminalization of gestational conduct raises serious ethical and legal concerns regarding women's health and human rights.