Acute Monoblastic Leukemia as a Second Malignancy After Doxorubicin and Cisplatin Treatment for Osteosarcoma

Secondary or therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) occurs as a complication of various chemotherapy regimens. In pediatric age group, leukemia as a second malignancy after osteosarcoma treatment with doxorubicin and cisplatin is relatively rare. A 15-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with signs and symptoms of leukemia. She had been treated one-year earlier with doxorubicin and cisplatin for osteosarcoma of the left femur. The patient was diagnosed with acute monoblastic leukemia on the basis of bone marrow examination and immunophenotype analysis. There were no cytogenetic abnormalities. The patient's father had been diagnosed with pelvic chondrosarcoma, which suggested a familial susceptibility to cancer. We interpreted this as a rare case of t- AML with normal cytogenetic analysis, and believe the disease was induced by the addition of platinum compounds to a regimen including topoisomerase II inhibitors.