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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Default mode network differences between rigidity- and tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease.

Prasanna R Karunanayaka1, Eun-Young Lee2, Mechelle M Lewis3

  • 1Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Neural & Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease differs between subtypes. The akinetic/rigidity subtype shows altered default mode network activity, unlike the tremor-predominant subtype.

Keywords:
Cognitive impairmentIndependent component analysis (ICA)Parkinson's diseaseResting state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) presents heterogeneously, with cognitive impairment being a common symptom.
  • Patients with primary akinetic/rigidity (PDAR) PD are more prone to cognitive deficits than those with tremor-predominant (PDT) symptoms.
  • Cognitive changes in PD are linked to the default mode network (DMN).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in DMN integrity between PDAR and PDT subtypes.
  • To test the hypothesis that DMN integrity varies between PDAR and PDT patients.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and volumetric data acquired from 17 PDAR, 15 PDT, and 24 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyzed gray matter (GM) volume differences.
  • Independent component analysis (ICA) examined DMN differences.

Main Results:

  • PDAR patients exhibited decreased DMN activity in the left inferior parietal cortex (IPC) and left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) compared to both HCs and PDT subjects.
  • No significant DMN differences were found between PDT and HC groups.
  • Resting-state activity in IPC and PCC correlated with cognitive performance in PD patients.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to show DMN differences between cognitively similar PDAR and PDT subtypes.
  • DMN alterations in PD appear primarily driven by the PDAR subtype.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate neural mechanisms and clinical relevance in PD subtypes.