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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Time-lapse Imaging of Primary Preneoplastic Mammary Epithelial Cells Derived from Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Breast Cancer
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Primary cancer cell culture: mammary-optimized vs conditional reprogramming.

Ahmad M Alamri1, Keunsoo Kang2, Svenja Groeneveld3

  • 1Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Department of Clinical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Endocrine-Related Cancer
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Conditional reprogramming (CRC) and EpiCult-B (EpiC) show distinct impacts on primary mammary epithelial cell transcriptomes. CRC excels in initial isolation, while EpiC accelerates allograft generation, with passage number influencing gene expression differences.

Keywords:
Brca1genetically engineered mouse modelsmammary cancerprimary cell culturetranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The influence of cell culture conditions on primary cancer cell biology is often overlooked.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for accurate experimental design and data interpretation in cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare conditional reprogramming (CRC) and EpiCult-B (EpiC) for primary mammary epithelial cell isolation, propagation, and allograft generation.
  • To investigate the genome-wide transcriptional consequences of these culture methods on mammary epithelial cells.
  • To assess the impact of culture conditions and passage number on gene expression patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Primary mammary epithelial cells from mice with varying Brca1 and p53 dosages were cultured using CRC, EpiC, and DMEM.
  • Cells were assessed for isolation efficiency, allograft development speed, and genome-wide transcriptional profiles.
  • Transcriptome analysis was performed at different passage numbers to identify differentially expressed genes.

Main Results:

  • CRC demonstrated higher efficiency in initial cell isolation compared to EpiC and DMEM.
  • Allograft development was faster using EpiC-cultured cells than CRC-cultured cells.
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed significant gene expression differences between CRC and EpiC cultures, including alterations in Trp53 gene family and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers.
  • These culture-specific differences diminished in allografts and were reduced by limiting cell passage number.

Conclusions:

  • CRC is superior for initial mammary epithelial cell isolation, whereas EpiC is more effective for rapid allograft generation.
  • Prolonged passaging in culture induces significant, culture-specific transcriptional changes that can be mitigated by reducing passage number.
  • Recognizing the impact of culture conditions and passage number is essential for optimizing experimental design and interpreting results in primary cell studies.