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Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

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The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
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Strength of Cement01:20

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Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
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Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
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Curing of Concrete01:20

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The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
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Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to...
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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Determining the temporal development of dentin-composite bond strength during curing.

Jiawen Guo1, Brian Holmes2, Bo Yang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Understanding how tooth-composite bond strength develops over time is key to preventing restoration failure. Faster bond formation was observed with bulk-fill composites and higher light intensity, with the adhesive-dentin interface being the weakest point.

Keywords:
Composite resinsDentin bond strengthRule of reciprocityTemporal development

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Adhesive Dentistry

Background:

  • Composite restorations compete with shrinkage stress during curing.
  • Understanding the temporal bond strength development is crucial for assessing tooth-composite debonding.
  • The composite-dentin interface is a critical area for bond integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the rate of bond formation in composite-dentin bonds over time.
  • To investigate the influence of composite thickness and curing light output on bond formation rate.
  • To analyze failure modes and identify the weakest link in the tooth-composite assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Tensile testing of composite-dentin specimens at various curing times.
  • Investigating conventional and bulk-fill composites with varying thicknesses.
  • Analyzing fractured surfaces using electron microscopy to determine failure modes.

Main Results:

  • Bond strength development follows the equation S=Smax(1-exp(-αt)), with a maximum bond strength of approximately 12MPa.
  • Bulk-fill composites and thinner specimens exhibited faster bond formation rates (α).
  • Higher light irradiance increased the bond formation rate, but the rule of reciprocity did not apply; a minimum dose of 2J/cm² was needed.

Conclusions:

  • The adhesive-dentin interface represents the weakest link in the cured tooth-composite assembly.
  • Faster bond formation is achieved with bulk-fill composites and optimized light curing parameters.
  • These findings, combined with shrinkage stress data, can predict the likelihood of tooth-composite debonding.