Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

2.5K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.5K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.2K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.2K
Vision01:24

Vision

61.3K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
61.3K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

860
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
860
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

3.2K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
3.2K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

8.8K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
8.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evolution of the frontal aslant tract and implications for primate vocalization and human speech.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The Richness of Vision in the Mammalian Brain: Neural Codes for Visual Perception and Behavior in Three Dimensions.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Receptive fields from single-neuron recording and MRI reveal similar information coding for binocular depth.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Anatomical circuits for flexible spatial mapping by single neurons in posterior parietal cortex.

Communications biology·2025
Same author

Correlated and Anticorrelated Binocular Disparity Modulate GABA+ and Glutamate/Glutamine Concentrations in the Human Visual Cortex.

eNeuro·2025
Same author

Characterizing Human Disparity Tuning Properties Using Population Receptive Field Mapping.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same journal

The microlandscapes of tree trunks: the effect of lichen and tree-level characteristics on arthropod communities.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Centimetre-scale landscapes to assess the motion behaviour and cognition of gastropods and bivalves.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Intertidal microcosms of wave-swept rocky shores: ecological and physiological insights from a uniquely stressful environment.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Temporal and spatial variation in temperature and oxygen at the microscale: key niche axes for aquatic life.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Natural microcosms in ecology: fulfilling the promise of model systems?

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same journal

Microbe-induced galls and plant defence: metabolite crosstalk in a co-evolutionary battle.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery
05:12

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery

Published on: August 12, 2021

2.5K

Neural architectures for stereo vision.

Andrew J Parker1, Jackson E T Smith2, Kristine Krug2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK andrew.parker@dpag.ox.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stereoscopic vision

Keywords:
binocular visioncortical columnspattern recognition

More Related Videos

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

4.8K
Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves
06:26

Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves

Published on: January 12, 2024

814

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery
05:12

Robotized Testing of Camera Positions to Determine Ideal Configuration for Stereo 3D Visualization of Open-Heart Surgery

Published on: August 12, 2021

2.5K
Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
08:04

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues

Published on: December 4, 2013

4.8K
Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves
06:26

Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves

Published on: January 12, 2024

814

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual processing
  • Cortical architecture

Background:

  • Stereoscopic vision relies on binocular input for depth perception and pattern correspondence.
  • The brain's cortical architecture for stereoscopic vision is complex and varies across visual areas.
  • Understanding this architecture is crucial for comprehending visual processing and disorders like amblyopia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze the cortical architecture of stereoscopic vision in macaque visual cortex.
  • To compare the spatial extent and organization of stereo-processing modules in V1 and V5/MT.
  • To investigate the role of long-range horizontal connections in V1 for stereo vision and pattern recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of cortical architecture in macaque visual cortex (V1 and V5/MT).
  • Estimation of the surface extent of stereoscopic vision modules.
  • Comparison of module size with known anatomical features like ocular dominance columns.

Main Results:

  • In primary visual cortex (V1), stereo modules are large (≥3 mm), isotropic, and larger than ocular dominance columns.
  • In the extrastriate area V5/MT, stereo modules are smaller (approx. 1 mm), indicating more compressed neural wiring for stereo depth.
  • The findings suggest specialized stereo processing in V5/MT compared to V1.

Conclusions:

  • The larger, isotropic stereo modules in V1, potentially formed by long-range connections, may serve both binocular and monocular pattern recognition.
  • The compressed stereo representation in V5/MT reflects its specialized role in stereo depth processing.
  • Disruptions in V1's long-range connections could underlie amblyopia's impact on monocular pattern vision.