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NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake.

Fabrizio Schifano1, Laura Orsolini2, Duccio Papanti2

  • 1Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, Herts, AL10 9AB, UK. F.Schifano@herts.ac.uk.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are increasingly prevalent, posing clinical and pharmacological challenges. Health professionals need awareness of NPS effects and toxicity for effective management, despite rapid market changes.

Keywords:
Drug misuseHallucinogenic drugsHallucinogensNovel psychoactive substancesPhenethylaminesPsychiatric disturbancesSynthetic cannabimimeticsSynthetic cathinones

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • The rise of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) alongside traditional drugs presents new challenges.
  • Over 500 NPS were reported globally by 2014, with synthetic cathinones, cannabinoids, and phenethylamines being most common.
  • The dynamic NPS market complicates the dissemination of current scientific knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of clinical and pharmacological issues of prevalent NPS categories.
  • To highlight the importance of health professional awareness regarding NPS effects and toxicity.
  • To offer general guidance on acute management of NPS adverse events.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on NPS.
  • Focus on clinical and pharmacological profiles of major NPS classes.
  • Overview of acute management strategies for NPS-related emergencies.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids, and psychedelics/phenethylamines represent the most frequently encountered NPS.
  • NPS are associated with a wide array of medical and psychopathological issues.
  • Current evidence-based treatment strategies for NPS are limited, requiring further research.

Conclusions:

  • Health professionals must be informed about the diverse effects and toxicity of NPS.
  • Effective management of NPS adverse events requires further development of evidence-based treatments.
  • The rapid evolution of the NPS landscape necessitates continuous updates in scientific understanding and clinical practice.