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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

Multiplex Relationships and HIV: Implications for Network-Based Interventions.

Abby E Rudolph¹, Natalie D Crawford², Carl Latkin^3,4

¹Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, T418E, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA. arudolph@bu.edu.

AIDS and Behavior

|June 9, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding social networks is key to reducing HIV transmission among people who use drugs (PWUD). Multiplex risk ties, involving both drug and sex connections, increase HIV risk, especially for those not exchanging sex.

Keywords:

Exchange sex Multiplexity Risk networks Social networks

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Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

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Published on: June 30, 2013

Area of Science:

Public Health
Social Epidemiology
Network Analysis

Background:

Network structures and member roles significantly impact risk behaviors.
Intervention strategies for reducing HIV transmission must consider social network dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the relationship between HIV status and network member roles among people who use drugs (PWUD).
To determine if multiplex (drug + sex) risk ties are associated with HIV positivity.

Main Methods:

Recruited 652 PWUD in New York City (2006-2009).
Conducted interviewer-administered surveys on demographics, behaviors, and network data.
Utilized logistic regression, stratified by exchange sex, to analyze HIV status and network ties.

Main Results:

Individuals with more multiplex risk ties were more likely to be HIV positive (AOR=3.2), but only among those not reporting exchange sex.
Among those reporting exchange sex, men with recent male sex partners had a higher likelihood of HIV positivity (AOR=12.6).

Conclusions:

Sex and drug relationships are interconnected among PWUD.
Interventions targeting multiplex relationships may be more effective for behavior change than those focusing on single-role relationships.