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Microsphere-based scaffolds encapsulating tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration.

Vineet Gupta1, Dina V Lyne2, Marilyn Barragan3

  • 1Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Bioceramic mixtures of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) in microsphere scaffolds significantly enhanced bone regeneration in rat cells. These TCP/HAp scaffolds even outperformed bone-morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) in some osteogenesis markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Bioceramic mixtures of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are crucial for bone regeneration due to their biocompatibility and osteogenic properties.
  • Microsphere-based scaffolds offer promising platforms for delivering regenerative cues and supporting tissue formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the osteogenic potential of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere-based scaffolds incorporating TCP/HAp mixtures.
  • To compare the efficacy of TCP/HAp scaffolds against a positive control using bone-morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) for osteogenesis in rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of PLGA microsphere-based scaffolds with TCP/HAp mixtures at 7:3 and 1:1 ratios, maintaining a 30 wt% ceramic content.
  • Evaluation of scaffold morphology, compressive moduli, and osteogenic activity of encapsulated rBMSCs using biochemical assays, gene expression analysis, histology, and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • TCP/HAp incorporation altered microsphere morphology and scaffold mechanical properties.
  • TCP/HAp mixtures significantly enhanced extracellular matrix component secretion and osteogenic gene expression in rBMSCs compared to blank scaffolds.
  • Certain TCP/HAp ratios demonstrated superior performance over BMP-2 in matrix synthesis and gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • TCP/HAp mixtures effectively stimulate rBMSC differentiation into an osteoblastic phenotype.
  • These findings suggest that TCP/HAp mixtures incorporated into microsphere scaffolds are beneficial for bone and potentially osteochondral regeneration.
  • The study highlights the potential of tailored ceramic ratios for optimizing regenerative outcomes.