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Venous Thromboembolism in Children: Is It Preventable?

Tina T Biss1

  • 1Department of Haematology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
|June 9, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is rising, especially in hospitalized children. Current preventative strategies lack strong evidence and carry potential risks, necessitating further research for effective thrombosis prevention in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Thrombosis Research
  • Clinical Pediatrics

Background:

  • The incidence of pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasing.
  • Hospitalized infants and adolescents are particularly vulnerable.
  • Central venous catheter (CVC) use is the primary risk factor for childhood thrombosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of pediatric VTE risk factors.
  • To evaluate the evidence for thromboprophylaxis (TP) strategies in children.
  • To address the challenges in preventing VTE in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric VTE.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including CVC presence.
  • Examination of current thromboprophylaxis guidelines and evidence.

Main Results:

  • Central venous catheters are the most frequent risk factor for VTE in children.
  • Limited evidence supports the efficacy of mechanical or chemical TP for preventing CVC-associated thrombosis.
  • Concerns exist regarding the adverse effects of TP in a low-incidence population.

Conclusions:

  • Effective prevention strategies for pediatric VTE are needed.
  • Further research is required to establish the efficacy and safety of TP in children.
  • Risk assessment models are being developed to guide preventative measures.

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