Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 19, 2026
11:19
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
Published on: January 17, 2011
18.8K
[Inhalation and intravenous anesthesia in pediatric patients].
1Klinik für Anästhesie, Rettungsmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000, Luzern 16, Schweiz. joehrmartin@bluewin.ch.
Der Anaesthesist
|June 9, 2016
Summary
Inhalation and total intravenous anesthesia offer distinct benefits. Inhalation anesthesia allows precise dosing, while intravenous anesthesia provides a quieter recovery with less vomiting, especially in older children.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Inhalation and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) are common anesthetic techniques with unique advantages and disadvantages.
- Both aim to achieve a target effect-site concentration, requiring an initial higher dose to achieve desired anesthetic levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the pros and cons of inhalation versus total intravenous anesthesia.
- To discuss the suitability of each technique for different pediatric age groups.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of inhalation and intravenous anesthesia techniques.
- Review of dosing strategies and monitoring capabilities for both methods.
Main Results:
- Inhalation anesthesia offers mask induction and precise end-tidal concentration monitoring for dose adjustment.
- Intravenous anesthesia is associated with a quiet postoperative recovery and reduced emesis, particularly beneficial for older children.
- Neonates and young infants often benefit from inhalation anesthesia due to metabolic immaturity and dosing challenges.
Conclusions:
- The choice between inhalation and intravenous anesthesia depends on patient age and desired outcomes.
- Advancements in monitoring and drug delivery systems are increasing the popularity of total intravenous anesthesia.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
893
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
893
01:20Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview
1.4K
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
1.4K
01:18Additional Routes of Drug Administration
5.3K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
5.3K
01:16Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
1.8K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
One of the advantages of...
1.8K
01:29Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
936
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
936
01:29Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
2.2K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
2.2K